Developing a strong safety culture has the single greatest impact on accident reduction of any workplace practice and should be a top priority for the managers and supervisors at your organisation.
Safety Culture
A safety culture consists of shared beliefs, practices and mind-sets that exist at an organisation, and form an atmosphere of attitudes that shape behaviour in a positive way. An organisation’s safety culture is a direct result of the following factors:
- Management and employee norms, assumptions and beliefs
- Management and employee attitudes
- Values, myths and stories
- Policies and procedures
- Supervisor priorities, responsibilities and accountability
- Production and bottom line pressure rather than quality issues
- Actions or lack thereof to correct unsafe behaviours
- Employee training and motivation
- Employee involvement and buy-in in the process
A company’s safety culture is a direct reflection of the organisation’s overarching culture and the people who work in it. As a result, most employees will generate their perceptions of safety and its importance based on the attitude their employer projects. The following are the four most common types of safety cultures:
Forced Culture: A company with a forced safety culture uses bribes and threats to motivate employees to keep safety top of mind. Health and safety officers at these organisations are seen as police-like figures because of their constant need to enforce codes and rules.
Protective Culture: A company with a protective safety culture prescribes a substantial amount of rules and regulations onto their employees. If an employee were to violate one of the rules, this may prompt management to create more rules. This ultimately creates confusion, as there are too many regulating factors in place.
Involved Culture: A company with an involved safety culture provides an abundance of safety training for employees, with the exception of top management officials. Though morale is higher at organisations with involved cultures because safety officers are not constantly policing employee actions, they also run the risk of not being as safe as they could potentially be.
Integral Culture: A company with an integral safety culture also provides an abundance of safety training for employees and they are attended by individuals at all levels. In these organisations, safety officers have budgets and authority, and enforce rules when appropriate.
In a strong, successful safety culture (the Integral Culture model), everyone feels responsible for safety and pursues it on a daily basis by going beyond the ‘call of duty’ to identify unsafe conditions and behaviours, and to intervene to correct them.
Promoting a Safety Culture at Your Company
- Develop a site safety vision including key policies, goals, measures, and strategic and operational plans
- Implement a ‘buddy system’ in which experienced individuals are paired up with newer workers. The experienced workers can serve as role models for newer workers and can demonstrate proper safe work procedures
- Align management and supervisors by establishing a shared vision of safety and health goals, and objectives rather than production
- Implement a process that holds management accountable for visibly being involved, setting the proper example, and leading a positive change for safety and health
- The organisation should demonstrate a commitment to employee health and safety by implementing safe work practices and prescribing the mentality that unsafe actions are not tolerated
- Make health and safety part of workplace communications
- Encourage workers to report health and safety concerns that they encounter and respond to their concerns in a timely fashion. Also provide multiple paths for employees to bring suggestions, concerns and problems forward
- Develop a system for tracking and ensuring the timeliness of hazard corrections
- Ensure that the organisation has a system for reporting near-miss accidents, injuries and the need for first aid
- Promote safety training sessions and host emergency response training
- Maintain safety equipment and ensure that it is worn properly by employees
- Revise incentives and disciplinary systems to accommodate safety and health concerns